Abstract: Objective：To clarify the concepts, screening methods, and intervention strategies for pre-clinic myopia (PCM) and pre⁃
myopia (PM) in children and adolescents, and to serve as a reference for early myopia prevention and control. Methods: Based on cur⁃
rent research progress in myopia prevention and control and expert clinical experience, the definitions, examination methods, and inter⁃
vention measures for PCM and PM were systematically reviewed and summarized. Results: PCM and PM are both critical stages before
the onset of myopia, with PCM typically detected earlier than PM during non-cycloplegic screening. Monitoring refractive status, hyper⁃
opic reserve, axial length, and related biological indicators can facilitate early identification of children at high risk of myopia. Compre⁃
hensive preventive strategies for PCM include behavioral, pharmacological, and optical interventions, such as increasing outdoor activity
time, improving visual habits, using low-concentration atropine eye drops, and wearing multifocal defocus spectacles, thereby de⁃
laying myopia onset and axial elongation. Conclusion: Early identification of PCM and implementation of comprehensive interventions
are of great significance for delaying myopia onset, slowing myopia progression, and reducing the risk of high-myopia-related complica⁃
tions in children and adolescents.

Key words: myopia prevention and control, pre-clinic myopia, pre-myopia, children and adolescents, intervention, expert recom?
mendations